I-stethoscope ime njengophawu oluhlala luhleli lwezonyango, lubonisa ibhulorho phakathi kukagqirha kunye nesigulana. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili udlulela ngaphaya komfuziselo nje, usebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo kubaboneleli bezempilo ukumamela izandi zangaphakathi zomzimba womntu. Esi sixhobo sihloniphekileyo, esihlala sibonwa sigqunywe ezintanyeni zoogqirha nabongikazi, siququzelela ukubonwa kweemeko zempilo ezibalulekileyo ngokwandisa izandi zomzimba, ngakumbi ezisuka entliziyweni, emiphungeni, nakwindlela yamathumbu.

● I-Evolution kunye noYilo lweMedical Stethoscope

Eyayilwa okokuqala ngo-1816, i-stethoscope yavela kwimfuneko yokuqhuba iimviwo ezingezizo ezothusayo. Ukuzalwa kwayo kwasekuqaleni-ityhubhu yomthi elula-yavumela oogqirha ukuba baphulaphule izandi zomzimba zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokuthe ngqo ngokomzimba kunye nezigulane, ezazihlala zibonwa njengento ephazamisayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-stethoscope yonyango iye yavela ngokuphawulekayo, ngokuntsokotha kunye nokukwazi. Uyilo lwale mihla lubandakanya ukukhulisa isandi kunye nengxolo-itekhnoloji yokurhoxisa, iphucula kakhulu isakhono soogqirha bokuqonda kunye nokuvavanya imisebenzi yomzimba ngokuchanekileyo.

○ Amacandelo eStethoscope yale mihla

I-stethoscope yezonyango yangoku yenziwe ngamacandelo abalulekileyo. I-headset ineetyhubhu zendlebe, imithombo yoxinzelelo, kunye neengcebiso zendlebe, eziyimfuneko ekudluliseni isandi ukusuka kwisigulane ukuya kumboneleli wezempilo. I-chestpiece yinxalenye ebekwe ngokuchasene nolusu lwesigulane, uxanduva lokuchola isandi sokungcangcazela. Ngaphakathi kwe-chestpiece, i-diaphragm isebenza ukucoca izandi ezahlukeneyo zezandi, ukuvumela oogqirha ukuba bahlukanise ingxolo ethile yangaphakathi enokubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango.

● Izicelo zeklinikhi kunye nokubaluleka

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-stethoscope yonyango kubonakala kakhulu kwizicelo zayo zeklinikhi. Kwiingcali zentliziyo, sisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokubona uluhlu lwentliziyo-izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumeneyo. Ngokuphulaphula intliziyo, ugqirha unokwazi ukuchonga iimeko ezifana ne-aortic stenosis, ebonakaliswe nge-valve encinci, okanye ukuvuza kwe-valve, ebonwa ngezandi ezingaqhelekanga zokuhamba kwegazi. Ukongezelela, izingqisho zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga, okanye i-arrhythmias, inokubonwa kusetyenziswa i-stethoscope, inika ulwazi olubalulekileyo lokuxilonga iimeko ezifana ne-fibrillation ye-atrial.

○ Ukuxilonga imiphunga kunye neeMeko zeSisu

Ngaphaya kwentliziyo, i-stethoscope yonyango idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni impilo yemiphunga. Oogqirha bamamela izandi zemiphunga ezingaqhelekanga, ezinokubonisa iimeko zokuphefumla njengenyumoniya okanye ibronchitis. Ngokufanayo, i-stethoscope ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-intestinal tract, ibonelele izikhokelo zokuva kwimiba enokubakho yesisu. Ukukwazi ukuxilonga uluhlu olunjalo lweemeko lugxininisa ukubaluleka kwe-stethoscope kukhathalelo lokukhusela kunye nokungenelela kwangaphambili, okubalulekileyo ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezingcono zempilo.

● IStethoscope kukhathalelo lwezeMpilo lwale mihla

I-stethoscope iyaqhubeka ukuba sisiseko sesixhobo sabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kwihlabathi liphela, ngaphandle kokuhambela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokuxilonga. Indalo yayo engeyiyo - ehlaselayo, impendulo ekhawulezileyo, kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa kuyenza ibe sisixhobo sokuxilonga esingenakulinganiswa kuzo zombini iindlela zokujonga - ups kunye neemeko zongxamiseko. Ngokudityaniswa kwezixhasi zedijithali, ii-stethoscopes zangoku zibonelela ngezakhono zokugcina kunye nokuhlalutya idatha yesandi, ivumela uphononongo oluthe kratya lwezempilo kunye nokugcinwa-nerekhodi.

Ngamafutshane, i-stethoscope yonyango ingaphezulu lee kunesixhobo nje sokuphulaphula. Sisixhobo esinamandla sokuxilonga esinceda ekubhaqweni kwangethuba kunye nolawulo lweemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwe-intuition yeklinikhi kunye nokuchaneka koxilongo. Ukuziphendukela kwayo okuqhubekayo kunye nokulungelelanisa kuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwayo kwixesha elizayo lokhathalelo lwezonyango.

I-stethoscope, uphawu oluhlala luhleli lwezonyango, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni impilo yemiphunga. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iingcali zezempilo ziye zathembela kwesi sixhobo silula kodwa esisebenzayo ukubona uluhlu lweengxaki zemiphunga, ukusuka kusulelo oluqhelekileyo lokuphefumla ukuya kwiimeko ezimandundu. Ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-auscultation, oogqirha basebenzisa i-stethoscope ukumamela izandi eziveliswa kwimiphunga, enika imikhondo ebalulekileyo malunga nesimo sokuphefumla kwesigulana.

● UbuChule beZandi zeMiphuphu

Izandi zokuphefumula, njengoko ziviwa nge-stethoscope yonyango, zizibonakaliso ze-acoustic eziveliswa yintshukumo yomoya kwiphecana lokuphefumla. Ezi zandi zinokuviwa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesifuba, kuquka ngaphezu kweekhola nakumazantsi eembambo. Ngexesha le-auscultation, ugqirha unokuchonga isandi esiqhelekileyo, esingaqhelekanga, okanye esingekhoyo sokuphefumula, ngasinye sinokunika ingqiqo kwiimeko zemiphunga engaphantsi.

○ Izandi zokuphefumla eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga

Izandi zesiqhelo zemiphunga zibonisa ukuhamba komoya okusempilweni, ngelixa ukutenxa koku kunokwalatha kwimiba enokwenzeka. Izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga, zihlala zihlelwa ngokwee-rales, i-rhonchi, i-stridor, kunye nokuphefumla, zinokubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo. IiRales, umzekelo, zibonakaliswa ngokucofa okanye ukungxola kwengxolo, edla ngokuba luphawu lokuvula komoya izithuba ezivaliweyo ngaphakathi kwemiphunga. Ezi zandi zinokuba manzi, zome, zilungile, okanye zibe rhabaxa, zinika imikhondo eyongezelelweyo yoxilongo. I-Rhonchi ifana nokurhona kwaye yenzeka xa ukuphuma komoya kuthintelwe kwimizila yomoya emikhulu, ngelixa i-stridor, isandi esifana nokuphefumla, sibonisa ukuvaleka kuqhoqhoqho okanye umqala. Ukuphefumla, ngokuqhelekileyo kuviwa ngexesha lokuphefumla, kubonisa iindlela zomoya ezicutheneyo, ezidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesifo sombefu okanye ibronchitis.

● Iimpembelelo zokuxilonga

Ubukho bezandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga, njengoko zichongiwe ngestethoscope, zinokubonisa iimeko ezininzi zemiphunga. Ezi ziquka i-bronchitis ebukhali kunye nengapheliyo, i-asthma, inyumoniya, i-emphysema, kunye nesifo semiphunga ye-interstitial, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza, iimeko ezinjengokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kunye ne-pulmonary edema zinokubonisa izandi zokuphefumula ezikhokelela kuvavanyo olongezelelweyo lwezonyango kunye nokungenelela.

○ Indima yoHlolo oluFanayo

Ngelixa i-stethoscope yezonyango ixabiseke kakhulu kuvavanyo lokuqala, iziphumo zayo zihlala zongezwa zezinye izixhobo zokuxilonga ukuqinisekisa ubunjani kunye nobungakanani beengxaki zemiphunga. Uvavanyo lwegazi, isifuba X - imisebe, i-CT scans, kunye neemvavanyo zemiphunga zibonelela ngolwazi olubanzi kwimpilo yokuphefumla. Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukufunyaniswa kwe-auscultatory, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okuchanekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelweyo.

● Ukufuna Unyango

Uvandlakanyo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile xa kubhaqwa izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga. Iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumla nzima kakhulu, i-cyanosis, okanye ukugqabhuka kweempumlo zifuna uqwalaselo olukhawulezileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umboneleli wezempilo uya kuqhuba uviwo olupheleleyo lomzimba kwaye abuze ngembali yonyango yesigulana kunye neempawu. Le ndlela ibanzi iqinisekisa ukuba unobangela osisiseko wezandi zomoya ongaqhelekanga ichongiwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-stethoscope ihlala isisixhobo esiyimfuneko ekubhaqweni kweengxaki zemiphunga. Ngelixa ibonelela ngemibono yangaphambili ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yokuphefumla, iziphumo zayo zihlala ziyinxalenye yesakhelo esikhulu soxilongo. Umtshato we-auscultation yendabuko kunye nobuchwepheshe banamhlanje bokuxilonga uyaqhubeka nokuphucula amandla ethu okuchonga kunye nokunyanga iimeko zemiphunga ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezingcono zesigulana.