Therometero nigikoresho cyingenzi cya siyansi gipima ubushyuhe, ubwinshi bwumubiri bugira ingaruka mubice bitandukanye byubuzima nibintu bisanzwe. Ivumburwa ryayo, ryitirirwa abashya kare nka Galileo Galilei, ryahinduye amateka uko twumva kandi dukorana nibidukikije.

Ubwihindurize bwaUbushuhes

Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16, Galileo yashyizeho uburyo bwa termometero. Ivumburwa rye ryakoraga ku ihame ryo kwagura ikirere no kugabanuka mu cyombo cy'ikirahure, gihindura urwego rw'amazi bitewe n'ubushyuhe butandukanye. Iki gitekerezo cyibanze cyatanze inzira yo guhanga udushya, cyane cyane mu kinyejana cya 17 na 18. Mugihe abahanga nabavumbuzi batunganije iki gikoresho, bagerageje kumazi atandukanye nka mercure, banashyiraho umunzani kugirango bapime neza.

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 18, umunzani w'ubushyuhe wariyongereye. Muri byo, ishyirwaho ry’urwego rusanzwe n’umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’umudage ryaranze iterambere rikomeye. Iki gipimo cyasobanuye aho gushonga kwa barafu hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bwumubiri wumuntu nkibintu bifatika, biganisha ku iterambere rya mercure ya mercure izwi cyane. Nyuma yaho, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’inyenyeri wo muri Suwede yashyizeho igipimo cya centigrade, akoresha dogere 0 ahantu hakonjesha amazi na dogere 100 aho zitetse. Ibi bishya byageze ku gipimo cya selisiyusi, gisigaye ari igipimo cyo gupima ubushyuhe muri iki gihe.

Amahame agezweho ya Thermometric nuburyo bwubwoko

Uyu munsi, siyanse ya thermometrie yagiye ihinduka, hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa termometero zakozwe kubwintego zihariye. Buri wese akoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kumenya no kwerekana impinduka zubushyuhe.

Ubushuhe bwa termometero, ubusanzwe bwuzuyemo mercure cyangwa inzoga zamabara, byatoneshwaga kuva kera kubworoshye no kuramba. Zigizwe namazi afunze mumirahuri yikirahure, hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe butuma amazi yaguka cyangwa agabanuka. Nubwo zikoreshwa cyane, ubu zisimburwa na tometrometero ya digitale kubera impungenge z’ibidukikije kuri mercure.

Ububiko bwa digitometero ikoresha tekinoroji igezweho kugirango isome neza. Mubisanzwe bakora bakoresheje thermistors, arirwanya résistance itandukanye cyane nubushyuhe. Ibi bikoresho bitanga ibisomwa byihuse kandi byuzuye kandi nta bintu bifite uburozi, bigatuma bigira umutekano mukoresha rusange nubuvuzi.

Ubundi bwoko buhambaye ni ubushuhe bwa termoometero, bipima ubushyuhe binyuze mu kumenya ingufu za infragre zitangwa nibintu. Iri koranabuhanga ryorohereza non - guhuza ubushyuhe bwo gusoma, bigatuma biba byiza mubikorwa byubuvuzi ninganda.

Porogaramu yihariye kandi yinganda

Mu rwego rwinganda, thermocouples nu mashanyarazi - kurwanya ibipimo bya termometero biriganje. Thermocouples, yubatswe mubyuma bibiri bidasa, itanga voltage ijyanye nubushyuhe butandukanye. Bahabwa agaciro kubushyuhe bwagutse kandi burambye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, amashanyarazi - irwanya ibipimo bya termometero, akenshi bikozwe na platine, bitanga ibisomwa neza hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi.

Imirongo ya Bimetallic, nubwo yoroshye, itanga ubushyuhe bwizewe bwo gusoma binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwo kwagura imirongo ifatanye. Amateka yinjijwe muri thermostat, barerekana akamaro karambye kama mashanyarazi.

Ku bushyuhe buke cyane, ibikoresho byihariye nka magnetiki ya termometero biza gukina. Ibi bikoresho bifashisha isano iri hagati yimiterere ya magnetiki nubushyuhe, byerekana ko ari ngombwa mubushakashatsi bwa cryogenic.

Umwanzuro

Mubusanzwe, ibipimo bya termometero bihagarara nkibikoresho byingirakamaro mubuzima bwa buri munsi ndetse no mubikorwa bya siyansi. Kuva mu kirere kivuka cya termometero ya Renaissance kugeza kubikoresho bigezweho bya digitale yiki gihe, ubwihindurize bwabyo bugaragaza iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no kurushaho gusobanukirwa nubushyuhe bwa termodinamike. Mugihe bakomeje gutera imbere, ibipimo bya termometero bizakomeza kuba ingenzi mubice bitandukanye byubumenyi bwikirere kugeza mubuvuzi, byemeza ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe mubikorwa bitandukanye.